Brazil

Words by: Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada
Music by: Francisco Manoel da Silva
Adopted: 1890 (melody), 1922 (lyrics)

Brazil's anthem was originally composed in 1822 (the year of independence) and first performed in 1831. During the imperial period (1822-1889) and for the first few years of the republican period thereafter, the anthem was performed without words. After becoming a republic in 1889, it was often suggested among the republican groups in the country that a new anthem should be adopted, as the current anthem was composed during the imperial era, yet the anthem that had been in use ws declared official on January 20, 1890. The anthem was still without official words, and each state started adopting their own words to the anthem. In 1906, it was brought forward that lyrics for the anthem should be written, and in 1909 a poem by Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada was composed. However it wasn't until 1922, for the 100th anniversary of independence, that Osório Duque Estrada's poem was adopted, with several changes to the text.

Brazil, like many other "federalist" nations, have regions that have their own anthems as well.

Special thanks to: Pedro Aguiar and Nelson Brito Moreira for some of this information and to Ricardo Amigo for a slight correction in the translation.